Gender-specific genomic alterations among Hispanic patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Alexander  Philipovskiy 1 and  Reshad  Ghafouri 2, Alok  Kumar  Dwivedi 3,  Luis  Alvarado 3,  Richard  McCallum 4, Felipe Maegawa 5, Yoannis Konstantinidis 6, Nawar Hakim 7, Sumit Gaur 2, Javier Corral 2

1. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock. Department of Internal Medicine. Division of Hematology-Oncology. Lubbock,Texas, United States of America. alexander.philipovskiy@ttuhsc.edu
2. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso. Department of Internal Medicine. Division of Hematology-Oncology. El Paso,Texas, United States of America. S.reshad.ghafouri@ttuhsc.edu
3. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso. Paul L. Foster School of Medicine. Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology. El Paso, Texas, United States of America
4. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso. Department of Internal Medicine. Division of Gastroenterology. 4800 Alberta Avenue.El Paso, Texas, United States of America
5. University of Arizona. Southern Arizona VA Health Care System. Department of Surgery. Tucson, Arizona. United States of America
6. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso. Department of Surgery. Texas, United States of America7.Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso. Department of Pathology. Texas, United States of America.

ABSTRACT
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the third in  men,with an overall male-female  ratioof  approximately  1.32:1.According  to  the  World  Health Organization  GLOBOCAN  database,in  2019  was  diagnosed  approximately  1.8  million  new  cases  and almost 861,000 deaths. In the United States,CRC is the third most frequent type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In 2021,approximately 147,950 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC, and 53,500 will die from the disease in the United States. About 20-30% of patients with CRC have metastatic disease at the initial presentation, with a clinically significant detrimental effect on prognosis. Metastatic  CRC  (mCRC)  carries  a  poor  prognosis,  and  rare  can  be  cured  in  selected  patients  with oligometastatic disease. Racial disparities were reported as an important prognostic and predictive factor of the clinical outcomes.
INTRODUCTION
Interestingly, the overall incidence of CRC among the Hispanic population has been declining  over the last decades.  Recently,  however, adramatic  increase inCRC incidentswas  reported  among  Hispanics  younger than 50 years of age (early-onset CRC). The increase in the incidence of early-onset CRC was markedly more significantin  Hispanics  (45%)  than  in  non-Hispanic  Whites  (NHW)  (27%)  and  African  Americans  (AA) (15%). Also,in contrast to NHW, Hispanics have a worse survival rate. The exact reason for racial disparities, however, is not well understood. Studies suggested thepossibility of different driver mutations anddifferent biology of colon cancer among different racial/ethnic groups. The biology of CRC in Hispanic-Latino (HL) patients has been poorly characterized. However, some recent data suggest that the molecular drivers might be very  different  among  this  ethnic  group. This  study  aimed  to  characterize  gene  mutationprofiles  among Hispanic patients with metastatic CRC and possibly identify correlations with clinical outcomes. In addition, we aimed to better understand the biology of the disease among Hispanic patients and possibly identify new therapeutic targets.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We  collected  formalin-fixed  paraffin-embedded  (FFPE) tumor  tissues from 52  patients with metastatic CRCand analyzed the gene mutation profiles. We compared the results with individual patient's clinical histories and outcomes. Of 52patients with CRC,52(100%) identified as HL.
RESULT
The most commonly altered genes among HL patients were APC, KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, NOTCH,and GNAS.Wedemonstrated statistically significant higher frequencies alteration of these genes among HL patientscompared with other international cancer databases. The prevalence of the mutation in the APCgene was significantly higher among male patients. In addition, we identified a rare mutation in the MLLgene, which was more common in right-sided cancers.
CONCLUSION
Presented data support the notion that molecular drivers of colon cancer might be different in HL patients compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of CRC mutations may lead to discovering new biological targets and subsequently to the new approachin management of CRC. 
DISCLOSURES
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The data in this poster was presented at World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer 2021. Published with permission from the Copyright owner.